May 20, 2024

2019-2020 Undergraduate Catalog

2019-2020 Undergraduate Catalog [OFFICIAL CATALOG]

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Four-letter Course Codes-Undergraduate

The following is a listing of all undergraduate course codes. Click on the four-letter code to review the undergraduate courses within that discipline.

To find classes being offered for the upcoming semester, use the Class Search.

Graduate courses are found within the Graduate Catalog, Clinton School of Public Service Website, and the Law School Website.

Note: The subject code for courses previously identified by the SPCH subject code are now identified by the ACOM subject code. All courses taken prior to this change that bear the ACOM code still count toward all Applied communication major and minor requirement

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Biology
	BIOL 3100 - Genetics Laboratory Three hours laboratory per week. One credit hours. Selected experiments in genetics to emphasize techniques, analysis, and interpretation of the principles of inheritance in plants and animals. Prerequisite or Corequisite: BIOL 3300 .
	BIOL 3103 - Principles of Ecology Lab Three hours laboratory per week. One credit hours. Basic methods and materials of ecological research. Prerequisite or Corequisite: BIOL 3303 .
	BIOL 3199 - Special Topics One hours lecture. One, two, three, or four credit hours. Each special topics course must first be approved by the biology department, which will also decide if biology credit will be granted. The topics will represent specialized areas of study in the biological sciences. Credit will vary and will depend on the amount of time necessary to cover the topic. Prerequisites: variable, depending on instructor and course content.
	BIOL 3299 - Special Topics One to four hours lecture. One, two, three, or four credit hours. Each special topics course must first be approved by the biology department, which will also decide if biology credit will be granted. The topics will represent specialized areas of study in the biological sciences. Credit will vary and will depend on the amount of time necessary to cover the topic. Prerequisites: variable, depending on instructor and course content.
	BIOL 3300 - Genetics Three hours lecture. Three credit hours. Basic principles and theories of inheritance with applications to plant, animal, and human heredity. Emphasis on roles of DNA and RNA and the genetics of microorganisms. Prerequisites: 12 hours of biology to include BIOL 1400 or BIOL 1401 or equivalent, four hours of chemistry; microbiology is recommended.
	BIOL 3303 - Principles of Ecology Three hours lecture. Three credit hours. Principles of Ecology Lab. An introduction to living organisms and relationships to their environment including the structure and interactions of populations, communities, ecosystems, and the biosphere. Prerequisites: BIOL 1400 or BIOL 1401 , BIOL 2402 or BIOL 2403 , or their equivalents. Corequisites: Recommended corequisite: BIOL 3103 .
	BIOL 3313 - Human Genetics Three hours lecture. Three credit hours. The basic concepts and mechanisms of human genetics in relationship to human uniqueness; impact on advances in healthcare, biotechnology; public policy, and the law. Study of genetics technology for detecting, treating, and preventing genetic disorders. This course cannot be used for credit toward a biology major or minor. Prerequisites: BIOL 1400 and BIOL 1401 or BIOL 1411 and BIOL 1412 or the consent of the instructor.
	BIOL 3391 - Cooperative Education in Biology Three credit hours. Cooperative education seeks to integrate academic and professional work experience. Students will be placed in a work setting consistent with their biological career objectives. This course requires a minimum of 200 semester work hours. No more than six hours independent study, undergraduate research, and/or cooperative education may be counted for biology elective credit (See “Independent Research and Study” on page 35). Prerequisites: junior standing, acceptance as a biology major, minimum GPA of 2.50, and consent of the department chairperson.
	BIOL 3399 - Special Topics One to four hours lecture. One, two, three, or four credit hours. Each special topics course must first be approved by the biology department, which will also decide if biology credit will be granted. The topics will represent specialized areas of study in the biological sciences. Credit will vary and will depend on the amount of time necessary to cover the topic. Prerequisites: variable, depending on instructor and course content.
	BIOL 3400 - Developmental Biology Three hours lecture. Three hours laboratory per week. Four credit hours. The development of organisms including the topics of gametogenesis, fertilization, cleavage, morphogenesis, organogenesis, cell differentiation, and regeneration. These topics will be approached from both the structural point of view of classical embryology and the more recent molecular mechanistic viewpoint. Prerequisites: BIOL 1400 or BIOL 1401 , BIOL 2403 or their equivalents.
	BIOL 3402 - Mammalian Anatomy Three hours lecture. Two hours laboratory per week. Four credit hours. A study of the gross anatomy of mammalian organ systems with emphasis being placed on the human organism. Prerequisites: BIOL 2403 .
	BIOL 3404 - Comparative Vertebrate Morphology Two hours lecture. Four hours laboratory per week. Four credit hours. The comparative anatomy of selected vertebrate animals; homologous structures in various animal groups. Prerequisites: BIOL 1400 or BIOL 1401 , BIOL 2403 , or their equivalents.
	BIOL 3405 - Invertebrate Zoology Three hours lecture. Two hours laboratory per week. Four credit hours. Comparative anatomy, physiology, embryology, adaptive radiation, and evolutionary relationships of invertebrate groups. Prerequisites: BIOL 1400 or BIOL 1401 , BIOL 2403 , or their equivalents.
	BIOL 3408 - Vertebrate Histology Three hours lecture. Two hours laboratory per week. Four credit hours. A study of the cell and fundamental tissues; the microscopic structure of the organ systems of representative vertebrates, and emphasis on the relationship between microscopic structure and function. Prerequisites: BIOL 1400 or BIOL 1401 , BIOL 2403 , or BIOL 1411 and BIOL 1412 , or their equivalents.
	BIOL 3409 - Vertebrate Zoology Two hours lecture. Four hours laboratory per week. Four credit hours. A general study of vertebrates, including adaptations, reproduction, behavior, distribution, ecology, and taxonomy. Emphasis on Arkansas species and field studies. Prerequisites: BIOL 1400 or BIOL 1401 , BIOL 2403 , or their equivalents.
	BIOL 3499 - Special Topics One to four hours lecture. One, two, three, or four credit hours. Each special topics course must first be approved by the biology department, which will also decide if biology credit will be granted. The topics will represent specialized areas of study in the biological sciences. Credit will vary and will depend on the amount of time necessary to cover the topic. Prerequisites: variable, depending on instructor and course content.
	BIOL 4100 - Independent Study One, two, or three credit hours. For students who wish to conduct library studies, curate museum collections, help faculty with a variety of special projects, or perform other activities. The student is expected to spend two to four hours per week on the project for each hour of credit earned. The exact hourly commitment per week will depend on the nature of the project and will be agreed on in advance by the student and instructor. No more than six hours independent study, cooperative education, and/or undergraduate research may be counted for biology elective credit (See “Independent Research and Study”). Prerequisites: senior standing, at least 20 hours in biology, and consent of the instructor.
	BIOL 4189 - Undergraduate Research One, two, or three credit hours. Students will design and conduct an independent scientific investigation. A paper reporting on the project in journal format is required for completion of the course. The student is expected to spend two to four hours per week on the project for each hour of credit earned. The exact hourly commitment per week will depend on the nature of the project and will be agreed upon in advance by the student and instructor. No more than six hours independent study, cooperative education, and/or undergraduate research may be counted for biology elective credit (See “Independent Research and Study”). Prerequisites: junior standing, at least 20 hours in biology, consent of the instructor.
	BIOL 4190 - Biology Seminar One credit hours. Preparation and presentation of papers including analysis and implications of investigations in the biological sciences. Required of all majors. One hour per week. Prerequisites: senior standing and completion of or concurrent enrollment in biology core courses.
	BIOL 4199 - Special Topics in Biology Four hours laboratory combined with one to four hours lecture. One, two, three, or four credit hours. Specialized study in the biological sciences. Credit varies and depends on the depth of the course content. Each topic is appropriate for both advanced undergraduate and graduate students. Dual listed in the Graduate Catalog as the 5000-level. Prerequisites: 20 hours in biology, consent of instructor; other prerequisites may be required depending on the topic.
	BIOL 4200 - Independent Study One, two, or three credit hours. For students who wish to conduct library studies, curate museum collections, help faculty with a variety of special projects, or perform other activities. The student is expected to spend two to four hours per week on the project for each hour of credit earned. The exact hourly commitment per week will depend on the nature of the project and will be agreed on in advance by the student and instructor. No more than six hours independent study, cooperative education, and/or undergraduate research may be counted for biology elective credit (See “Independent Research and Study”). Prerequisites: senior standing, at least 20 hours in biology, and consent of the instructor.
	BIOL 4289 - Undergraduate Research One, two, or three credit hours. Students will design and conduct an independent scientific investigation. A paper reporting on the project in journal format is required for completion of the course. The student is expected to spend two to four hours per week on the project for each hour of credit earned. The exact hourly commitment per week will depend on the nature of the project and will be agreed upon in advance by the student and instructor. No more than six hours independent study, cooperative education, and/or undergraduate research may be counted for biology elective credit (See “Independent Research and Study”). Prerequisites: junior standing, at least 20 hours in biology, consent of the instructor.
	BIOL 4300 - Independent Study One, two, or three credit hours. For students who wish to conduct library studies, curate museum collections, help faculty with a variety of special projects, or perform other activities. The student is expected to spend two to four hours per week on the project for each hour of credit earned. The exact hourly commitment per week will depend on the nature of the project and will be agreed on in advance by the student and instructor. No more than six hours independent study, cooperative education, and/or undergraduate research may be counted for biology elective credit (See “Independent Research and Study”). Prerequisites: senior standing, at least 20 hours in biology, and consent of the instructor.
	BIOL 4305 - Animal Behavior Three hours lecture. Three credit hours. Description of the known behavior of various vertebrate and invertebrate phyla with emphasis on adaptive significance. Special attention to mating, defensive, nutritive, and social behavior. The ontogeny of behavioral patterns will be presented where known. Behavior will be related to the ecology of various animal populations. Dual listed in the Graduate Catalog as BIOL 5305. Prerequisites: BIOL 1400 or BIOL 1401 , BIOL 2403 . Graduate standing required to enroll in 5305.
	BIOL 4309 - Wildlife Management Techniques One hours lecture. Six hours laboratory per week. Three credit hours. Techniques and equipment used to obtain biological information needed to manage wildlife on a scientific basis. Fundamental procedures of planning and conducting wildlife investigations. Prerequisites: BIOL 1400 or BIOL 1401 , BIOL 2403 .
	BIOL 4310 - Evolution Three hours lecture. Three credit hours. Basic principles of evolutionary biology are covered, including: Darwinian Theory, principles of inheritance, microevolution and speciation processes. The evolution of humans is also discussed. Dual listed in the Graduate Catalog as BIOL 5310. Prerequisites: BIOL 1400 or BIOL 1401 and junior standing. Graduate standing required if student enrolled in 5310.
	BIOL 4311 - Neurobiology Three hours lecture. Three credit hours. This course examines the functioning of the nervous system, with emphasis on vertebrates—in particular, humans. The course covers the structure and function of neurons as the fundamental unit of the nervous system, functional neuroanatomy, and the basic principles of nervous system development. Prerequisites: 16 hours in biology or consent of instructor; CHEM 1401 or CHEM 1403 strongly encouraged.
	BIOL 4312 - Population and Community Ecology Three hours lecture. Three credit hours. Basic principles of population ecology will be discussed, including niche concept, demography, population growth and regulation, life history patterns, sociality, competition, predation, mutualisms, and control of community structure. Dual listed in the Graduate Catalog as BIOL 5312. Prerequisites: BIOL 3303 and at least junior standing. Graduate standing required if student enrolled in BIOL 5312.
	BIOL 4314 - Soil Biology Three hours lecture. Three credit hours. Concepts of soils are presented with emphasis on biological processes and soil/ecosystem relationships. Hands-on laboratory exercises and field exercises will supplement course lectures. Dual listed in the Graduate Catalog as BIOL 5314. Prerequisites: BIOL 1400 or BIOL 1401 , BIOL 2401 , and BIOL 2403 ; Successful completion of BIOL 3303 is strongly recommended. If taken for graduate credit, the prerequisites also include a BS in biology or permission of the instructor.
	BIOL 4315 - Toxicology Three hours lecture. Three credit hours. Principles of toxicology are presented with an emphasis on toxicokinetics and toxicity mechanisms. Laboratory testing, risk analysis, and study design requirements are applied to various settings. Lectures will be supplemented with case studies. Dual listed in the Graduate Catalog as BIOL 5315. Prerequisites: BIOL 1401 , BIOL 2401 , and BIOL 2403 ; Successful completion of BIOL 3402 or BIOL 4413 is strongly recommended. If taken for graduate credit, the prerequisites also include a BS in biology or permission of the instructor.
	BIOL 4389 - Undergraduate Research One, two, or three credit hours. Students will design and conduct an independent scientific investigation. A paper reporting on the project in journal format is required for completion of the course. The student is expected to spend two to four hours per week on the project for each hour of credit earned. The exact hourly commitment per week will depend on the nature of the project and will be agreed upon in advance by the student and instructor. No more than six hours independent study, cooperative education, and/or undergraduate research may be counted for biology elective credit (See “Independent Research and Study”). Prerequisites: junior standing, at least 20 hours in biology, consent of the instructor.
	BIOL 4391 - Cooperative Education in Biology Three credit hours. Cooperative education seeks to integrate academic and professional work experience. Students will be placed in a work setting consistent with their biological career objectives. This course requires a minimum of 200 semester work hours. No more than six hours independent study, undergraduate research, and/or cooperative education may be counted for biology elective credit (See “Independent Research and Study”). Prerequisites: senior standing, acceptance as a biology major, minimum GPA of 2.50, completion of BIOL 3391 , and consent of the department chairperson.
	BIOL 4401 - Cell Biology Three hours lecture. Three hours laboratory per week. Four credit hours. A study of the organization of cells as related to the structure and function of biological molecules. Emphasis is placed on eukaryotic cells. Dual listed in the Graduate Catalog as BIOL 5401. Prerequisites: BIOL 1400 or BIOL 1401 , 12 additional hours in biology, BIOL 1401 or CHEM 1403 ; microbiology is strongly encouraged.
	BIOL 4403 - Comparative Physiology Three hours lecture. Three hours laboratory per week. Four credit hours. Organ function in a wide range of organisms, including vertebrates and invertebrates. A comprehensive survey of functional relationships in more than one group of animals. Dual listed in the Graduate Catalog as BIOL 5403. Prerequisites: BIOL 1400 or BIOL 1401 , BIOL 2403 , CHEM 1403 , or the equivalents.
	BIOL 4404 - Mammalogy Two hours lecture. Four hours laboratory per week. Four credit hours. Classification, distribution, ecology, and natural history of mammals. Emphasis on Arkansas species. Field studies, preparation of study specimens. Dual listed in the Graduate Catalog as BIOL 5404. Prerequisites: BIOL 1400 or BIOL 1401 , BIOL 2403 , BIOL 3404 or BIOL 3409 , or their equivalents, or consent of instructor.
	BIOL 4408 - Advanced Field Biology Ninety laboratory/field trip activity/ hours lecture. Four credit hours. An analysis of major ecological habitats. Comparison of these areas with respect to their physiographic floral and faunal components. Emphasis on vertebrates. Students will spend an extended time in the field. Enrollment is by application only, and a separate field fee is charged. Prerequisites: BIOL 1400 or BIOL 1401 , BIOL 2402 , BIOL 2403 , BIOL 3303 , BIOL 3409 , or their equivalents.
	BIOL 4409 - Plant Taxonomy Two hours lecture. Four hours laboratory per week. Four credit hours. A study of the principles of plant identification, classification, systematics, and nomenclature. Major families of flowering plants with emphasis on the floristics of the immediate area. Dual listed in the Graduate Catalog as BIOL 5409. Prerequisites: BIOL 1400 or BIOL 1401 , BIOL 2402 or their equivalents.
	BIOL 4411 - Ornithology Three hours lecture. Weekend field trips and three hours laboratory per week. Four credit hours. This course is designed to introduce students to selected aspects of avian biology. Emphasis is placed on ecology, evolutionary biology, natural history, and classification of birds. Dual listed in the Graduate Catalog as BIOL 5411. Prerequisites: 16 hours in biology to include BIOL 2403 .
	BIOL 4412 - Plant Ecology Three hours lecture. Two hours laboratory per week. Four credit hours. Study of plant species ecology (life history and reproductive biology) and vegetation ecology (abundance, structure, dispersion, patterns, and dynamics), with emphasis on quantitative methodology and management principles. Dual listed in the Graduate Catalog as BIOL 5412. Prerequisites: BIOL 1400 or BIOL 1401 , BIOL 2402 or BIOL 2403 , BIOL 3303 , or their equivalents.
	BIOL 4413 - Immunology Three hours lecture. Two hours laboratory per week. Four credit hours. Immunobiology and immunochemistry of humoral and cellular mechanisms of immunity. Dual listed in the Graduate Catalog as BIOL 5413. Prerequisites: BIOL 1400 or BIOL 1401 , BIOL 2401 , CHEM 1402 , CHEM 1403 .
	BIOL 4415 - Biometry Two hours lecture. Four hours laboratory per week. Four credit hours. A computer based course in experimental design, data analysis, and interpretation. The objective of the course is to teach the application of statistical procedures relevant to the academic emphasis of students, not statistics per se. Designed to be especially beneficial to those students planning to seek an advanced degree upon completion of their baccalaureate or to go into quality control or research positions. Dual listed in the Graduate Catalog as BIOL 5415. Prerequisites: 12 hours of biology, environmental health science, or earth science (in combination or singularly); MATH 1302 or higher numbered mathematics course; three hours of statistics; or consent of instructor. Graduate standing required if student enrolled in 5415.
	BIOL 4417 - Molecular Biology Two hours lecture. Four hours laboratory per week. Four credit hours. A study of molecular biology theory and practice. Emphasis is on the study of model systems to understand the current approaches and laboratory techniques necessary to answer basic questions in current molecular biology. Dual listed in the Graduate Catalog as BIOL 5417. Prerequisites: 19 hours in biology including both BIOL 2401 and BIOL 3300 ; CHEM 1401 or CHEM 1403 . Successful completion of either BIOL 3400 or BIOL 4401 is strongly encouraged. If taken for graduate credit, the prerequisites also include a BS in biology or permission of the instructor.
	BIOL 4418 - Biotechnology Two hours lecture. Four hours laboratory per week. Four credit hours. A study of the applied science of biotechnology designed to introduce students to the elements of a biotechnological career. Topics range from traditional biotechnology such as animal and plant tissue culture to contemporary molecular biotechnology and the use of recombinant DNA technology and genetic engineering in research and industry. Emphasis will be placed on current biomedical, pharmaceutical, and agri/industrial applications. Graduate students must complete and defend a term paper. Dual listed in the Graduate Catalog as BIOL 5418. Prerequisites: 19 hours of biology including BIOL 2401 and BIOL 3300 ; CHEM 1401 or CHEM 1403 . BIOL 3400 and BIOL 4401 are strongly recommended. BIOL 4417 is also recommended or may be taken concurrently.
	BIOL 4419 - Plant Physiology Three hours lecture. Three hours laboratory per week. Four credit hours. Study of water relations, nutrition, and metabolism including photosynthesis, growth, and development. Dual listed in the Graduate Catalog as BIOL 5419. Prerequisites: BIOL 1400 or BIOL 1401 , BIOL 2402 , CHEM 2450 , or their equivalents, or consent of instructor.
	BIOL 4420 - General Biochemistry See CHEM 4320 .
	BIOL 4422 - Mammalian Physiology Three hours lecture. Two hours laboratory per week. Four credit hours. General physiological principles and a treatment of functions and interrelations of mammalian systems. Dual listed in the Graduate Catalog as BIOL 5422. Prerequisites: BIOL 1400 or BIOL 1401 , BIOL 2403 , CHEM 1403 , and BIOL 2401 or their equivalents.
	BIOL 4426 - Plant and Human Nutrition Two hours lecture. Four case study and hours laboratory per week. Four credit hours. Plant nutrition refers to needs and uses of the basic chemical elements in the plants, which are essential for plant growth and development. Thus, plant nutrition is an area of fundamental importance for both basic sciences (Plant physiology, Plant cell and molecular biology, Plant development) and applied sciences (Agronomy, Crop physiology, Horticulture, Human nutrition and health). Human nutrition refers to the needs and uses of the basic chemical elements and compounds in the human body, which are essential for human development and healthy life. This course will focus on (1) Plant nutrients; (2) The uptake and transport of mineral nutrients in plants; (3) Functions of mineral nutrients in the growth and development of plants; (4) Nutrient deficiency and toxicity; (5) Uptake, transport and functions of mineral nutrients in human body; (6) Plant nutrients and their relationships to the human health; (7) Functional foods; and (80 Green Medicine. This course is designed for students who want to pursue a degree or update their knowledge in areas of plants sciences, agriculture, food science and human nutrition. Dual listed in the Graduate Catalog as BIOL 5426. Prerequisites: BIOL 1401 , BIOL 2402 and BIOL 2403 .
	BIOL 4427 - Tissue Engineering Two hours lecture. Two hours laboratory per week. Four credit hours. Tissue engineering (TE) is defined as the development and manipulation of laboratory-grown molecules, cells, tissues, or organs to replace and/or support the function of injured body parts. TE applies the principles and methods of biology, stem cell biology, immunology, life sciences, physical sciences, engineering, cell and drug delivery, nanobiotechnology, bioinformatics to understand physiological systems and to modify and create cells and tissues for therapeutic applications. TE is highly interdisciplinary. TE has resulted in both clinically used and experimental therapies for structure tissue repair (e.g. skin, bone, cartilage, tendon, muscle, and blood vessel), for enhancing metabolic function (e.g. liver) for improved drug delivery (localized delivery of a drug), and as a vehicle for cell-based gene therapy. Prerequisites: BIOL 2401 - Microbiology and one of the following: BIOL 4413 - Immunology , or BIOL 4401 - Cell Biology , or BIOL 4417 - Molecular Biology , or BIOL 4419 - Plant Physiology .
	BIOL 4499 - Special Topics in Biology Four hours laboratory combined with one to four hours lecture. One, two, three, or four credit hours. Specialized study in the biological sciences. Credit varies and depends on the depth of the course content. Each topic is appropriate for both advanced undergraduate and graduate students. Dual listed in the Graduate Catalog as the 5000-level. Prerequisites: 20 hours in biology, consent of instructor; other prerequisites may be required depending on the topic.
	BIOL 4600 - Internship An educational internship with a field component of a minimum of 12 weeks (480 hours) of internship in a classroom setting under the supervision of a cooperating teacher. Total field experience hours must reflect exposure at both the lower (K-6 or 712) and upper (79 and 1012) grades. Each program will ensure that no less than 25% of total field experiences are completed in either grade range. Prerequisites: TCED 4383 , TCED 4321 , 2.75 GPA, Praxis Il content area examination(s) as required by department/program. Concurrent: TCED 4330 .
	BIOL 5427 - Tissue Engineering Two hours lecture. Two hours laboratory per week. Four credit hours. Tissue engineering (TE) is defined as the development and manipulation of laboratory-grown molecules, cells, tissues, or organs to replace and/or support the function of injured body parts. TE applies the principles and methods of biology, stem cell biology, immunology, life sciences, physical sciences, engineering, cell and drug delivery, nanobiotechnology, bioinformatics to understand physiological systems and to modify and create cells and tissues for therapeutic applications. TE is highly interdisciplinary. TE has resulted in both clinically used and experimental therapies for structure tissue repair (e.g. skin, bone, cartilage, tendon, muscle, and blood vessel), for enhancing metabolic function (e.g. liver) for improved drug delivery (localized delivery of a drug), and as a vehicle for cell-based gene therapy. Prerequisites: BIOL 2401 - Microbiology and one of the following: BIOL 4401 - Cell Biology , or BIOL 4413 - Immunology , or BIOL 4417 - Molecular Biology , or BIOL 4419 - Plant Physiology .
	BIOL 5428 - Techniques in Molecular Biology Two hours lecture. Four hours laboratory per week. Four credit hours. A course designed to give students technical skills and understanding of basic principles in molecular biology and biotechnology. It emphasizes experimental techniques necessary for studying biological systems at the molecular level. Techniques covered include recombinant DNA and protein techniques, forward and reverse genetics methods in studying gene functions, including virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) and online database mining. Dual listed in the Graduate Catalog as BIOL 5428. Prerequisites: BIOL 3300 or its equivalent. BIOL 4417 or BIOL 4401 is strongly encouraged.
Gulf Coast Research Laboratory
	BIOL 3450 - Introduction to Marine Zoology Four credit hours. A general introduction to the marine environment with emphasis on local fauna. Introduction to the marine environment and some of its physical, chemical, geological, and ecological characteristics that affect marine life. Emphasis on local fauna and estuarine species. Prerequisites: eight hours of biological science.
	BIOL 3550 - Oceanography II: Marine Biology Five credit hours. An overview of biological oceanography with emphasis on organisms, habitats, and fisheries of the Mississippi Sound and the Gulf of Mexico. Prerequisites: eight credit hours of biological science.
	BIOL 4151 - Special Problems in Marine Science One, two, or three credit hours. Special problems are research oriented, and grades are based on reports submitted by students. Students who want to take a special problems course must submit a brief proposal of planned study to the GCRL registrar. Special problems proposal forms are available from the GCRL registrar. This proposal must be approved by the student’s advisor and the GCRL staff member directing the study. Prerequisites: to be set by problem director.
	BIOL 4251 - Special Problems in Marine Science One, two, or three credit hours. Special problems are research oriented, and grades are based on reports submitted by students. Students who want to take a special problems course must submit a brief proposal of planned study to the GCRL registrar. Special problems proposal forms are available from the GCRL registrar. This proposal must be approved by the student’s advisor and the GCRL staff member directing the study. Prerequisites: to be set by problem director.
	BIOL 4351 - Special Problems in Marine Science One, two, or three credit hours. Special problems are research oriented, and grades are based on reports submitted by students. Students who want to take a special problems course must submit a brief proposal of planned study to the GCRL registrar. Special problems proposal forms are available from the GCRL registrar. This proposal must be approved by the student’s advisor and the GCRL staff member directing the study. Prerequisites: to be set by problem director.
	BIOL 4352 - Coastal Vegetation Three credit hours. A broad study of the general and specific aspects of coastal vegetation, with emphasis on local examples such as tidal marshes, swamps, savannahs, woodlands, strand and island (insular) vegetation, and certain unique and peculiar areas. Vegetation composition, variation, succession, climax, and distribution, including survey and descriptive methods. Aerial techniques, ground truth, plant identification, delineation of vegetation types, and mapping. Prerequisites: 10 hours of biology including general botany.
	BIOL 4450 - Marine Botany Four credit hours. A survey, based on local examples, of the principal groups of marine algae and marine flowering plants, treating structure, reproduction, distribution, identification, and ecology. Prerequisites: 10 credit hours of biology, including botany.
	BIOL 4451 - Comparative Histology of Marine Organisms Four credit hours. A detailed study of the histological organization of representative marine organisms. Fixation, processing, and study of tissues using light microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. The relationship between structural changes and physiological changes during life cycle of organism. Histopathology with respect to tissue responses to infection and damage by toxic agents. Prerequisites: general histology, consent of instructor.
	BIOL 4452 - Marine Fisheries Management Four credit hours. Practical marine fishery management problems. Trends in human population numbers, aggregations, and life styles with associated environmental impacts and resource allocation implications, which pose complex problems for fishery management scientists and administrators. International and local legal, political, social, and economic factors, as well as biological potential, must be considered in making rational decisions toward achieving optimum yield from marine fishery resources. The history of management scheme successes and failures, sources of information, and the current status of fishing technology, mariculture, management methods, legal problems, and educational needs will be explored. Prerequisites: 16 hours of biological science or consent of instructor.
	BIOL 4453 - Behavior and Neurobiology of Marine Animals Four credit hours. Survey of behavior, neuroanatomy, and neurophysiology of marine animals with emphasis on the neural mechanisms underlying the behavior of selected invertebrates, fishes, birds, and mammals. Introduction to the experimental study of the behavior of marine animals in the field and laboratory. When possible, students will carry out independent studies on local species. Neural mechanisms underlying behavior; the anatomy and physiology of the nervous systems of marine invertebrates and vertebrates. Prerequisites: 16 credit hours of zoology or consent of instructor.
	BIOL 4454 - Fauna and Faunistic Ecology of Tidal Marshes Four credit hours. Survey and discussion of the taxonomy, distribution, trophic relationships, reproductive strategies, and adaptation of tidal marsh animals with emphasis on those occurring in northern Gulf marshes. Prerequisites: 16 credit hours of biological science or consent of instructor.
	BIOL 4455 - Early Life History of Marine Fishes Four credit hours. Reproductive strategies and early developmental processes of marine fishes. Includes discussion of temporal and spatial distribution patterns, population dynamics, and ecological interactions of fish eggs and larvae; role of early stages of fishes in fisheries oceanography, marine ecology, and systematics; methods of sampling and identifying fish eggs and larvae; data quantification and analysis; rearing experiments; techniques for studying larval fish dynamics. Prerequisites: ichthyology, fisheries, biology, ecology, or consent of instructor.
	BIOL 4456 - Salt Marsh Plant Ecology Four credit hours. Botanical aspects of local marshes. Plant identification, composition, structure, distribution, and development of coastal marshes. Biological and physical interrelationships. Primary productivity and relation of marshes to estuaries and associated fauna. Prerequisites: general botany, plant taxonomy, plant physiology, general ecology, or consent of instructor.
	BIOL 4550 - Marine Microbiology Five credit hours. Introduction to marine microorganisms and pertinent literature sources. The role of microorganisms in the ecology of oceans and estuaries is stressed. Use of laboratory sampling equipment, methods of processing samples, and laboratory techniques useful in studying marine microorganisms. Prerequisites: general microbiology, consent of instructor.
	BIOL 4551 - Marine Ecology Five credit hours. A consideration of the relationship of marine organisms to their environment. The effects of temperature, salinity, light, nutrient concentration, currents, food, predation, and competition on the abundance and distribution of marine organisms are considered. Prerequisites: 16 credit hours of biological science including general zoology, general botany, and invertebrate zoology.
	BIOL 4650 - Marine Invertebrate Zoology Six credit hours. A concentrated study of the important free-living marine and estuarine invertebrates of the Mississippi Sound and adjacent continental shelf of the northeastern Gulf of Mexico, with emphasis on the structure, classification, phylogenetic relationships, larval development, and functional processes. Prerequisites: 16 credit hours of zoology, including an introductory course in invertebrate zoology.
	BIOL 4651 - Marine Vertebrate Zoology and Ichthyology Six credit hours. A general study of the marine chordata, with emphasis on fish including lower groups, mammals, and birds. Groups of vertebrates occurring in the area associated with marine environments, with taxonomic characteristics used in their classification and identification, and with functional adaptations of the organisms. Greatest emphasis is placed on local fishes. For obvious reasons, no conscious attempt is made to duplicate material which could be offered with ease to the student at his or her home institution. Every effort is made to take advantage of the unique teaching situation that the area provides. Prerequisites: 16 credit hours of zoology including comparative morphology or consent of instructor.
	BIOL 4652 - Parasites of Marine Animals Six credit hours. A study of the parasites of marine and estuarine animals with emphasis on morphology, taxonomy, life histories, and host-parasite relationships. Prerequisites: general parasitology or consent of instructor.
	BIOL 4653 - Aquaculture Six credit hours. A review of the technology, principles, and problems relating to the science of aquaculture, with emphasis on the culture of marine species. Prerequisites: 16 credit hours of biology, including invertebrate zoology, natural history of vertebrates, or ichthyology.
UAMS Molecular Biotechnology
	BIOM 3210 - Laboratory Principles and Techniques Two hours lecture. Introduction to principles and techniques used in clinical and research laboratories. Emphasis on laboratory mathematics, safe practices, and basic instrumentation. Prerequisites: admission to the professional program in medical technology or molecular biotechnology.
	BIOM 3211 - Introduction to Research Two hours lecture. How to design, conduct, and interpret life science research including planning biomedical research, the principles of statistical design, sample size estimation, and designs in life science research. Also includes the correspondence between objectives, design and analysis. Prerequisites: admission to the professional program in medical technology or molecular biotechnology.
	BIOM 4106 - Technology Transfer One hours lecture. Overview of the conversion from research to manufacturing, including regulatory environment in which the production occurs. Prerequisites: admission to the professional program in molecular biotechnology and BIOL 4417 and BIOL 4418 .
	BIOM 4305 - Cell Culture Principles and Techniques Two hours lecture. Three hours laboratory per week. Introduction to principles and techniques of cell culture. Explores protocols for the culture, cloning, and selection of cells. Includes basic cell biology, growth characteristics and requirements, cell passing, and quantitation. Prerequisites: admission to the professional program in molecular biotechnology and BIOL 4417 and BIOL 4418 .
	BIOM 4507 - Biotechnology Laboratory Internship Supervised experience in a biotechnology research laboratory. Emphasis on manual and automated techniques and development of professional behavior. Includes research principles and techniques, laboratory organization, and materials management. Twenty clinic hours per week. Prerequisites: admission to the professional program in molecular biotechnology and BIOL 4417 and BIOL 4418 .
Business Administration
	BSAD 1300 - Introduction to Business One hours lecture. One credit hours. NOTE: BSAD 1100 satisfies the university first-year experience requirement. The course provides an overview of business as a profession, including an introduction to frameworks for ethical decision making and critical thinking. Through in-class discussion and outside assignments, students are introduced to the essential ideas of markets and the economic environment of business, management in organizations, leadership, financial management, accounting, production, and marketing, as well as the global dimensions of business and their social responsibilities. The overarching goal of the course is to introduce the student to the various dimensions of business and to help them to identify areas of study that are of particular personal interest. Prerequisites: None.
	BSAD 2010 - Intro to Career Catalyst Zero credit hours. Introduction of the Career Catalyst program to students at the end of their sophomore years or beginning of their junior years. The Career Catalyst program helps students identify experiences that are important to be successful in today’s business world. Explanation of the requirements of the program for business students and the reporting process. CR/NC grading.
	BSAD 3100 - Business Professionalism One credit hours. Principles and techniques of professionalism for the individual business person, and the management of professional image and conduct.
	BSAD 4010 - Career Catalyst Completion Zero credit hours. Involves an individual meeting with an adviser to confirm successful completion of the Career Catalyst program introduced in BSAD 2010 . Satisfactory completion of BSAD 4010 is a graduation requirement for all business majors. CR/NC grading. Prerequisites: Completion of BSAD 2010 .
Chemistry
	CHEM 1100 - Special Topics in the Laboratory for Transfer Students Three hours laboratory per week. One credit hours. Intended for transient and transfer students who passed a lecture class without the accompanying laboratory. Prerequisites: Grade of C or greater from another university in a class with lecture equivalent to CHEM 1400 , CHEM 1401 , CHEM 1402 , or CHEM 1403 .
	CHEM 1300 - Preparation for General Chemistry Three hours lecture. Three credit hours. The class prepares students to take the placement examination required to enroll in CHEM 1402 . The class is for students who need to sharpen mathematical, problem-solving, and critical thinking skills while developing chemical knowledge. There will be frequent and comprehensive assessments of learning. The class cannot be combined with CHEM 1100 to satisfy four hours of the laboratory science requirement in the core curriculum. Prerequisites: MATH 1302 .
	CHEM 1305 - Science Skills Three credit hours. This course will help biology, chemistry, and earth science students reach their educational objectives. Interactive instructional methods promote the development of skills that lead to success in college and a successful career in science. Students I) identify and use appropriate campus resources, 2) master common computer programs, 3) learn graphing and statistical methods, 4) develop better strategies to manage money, time, and stress wisely, and 5) explore the research conducted by UA Little Rock science faculty. Grading is based on projects, attendance, and participation. This course cannot be used for credit toward a biology, chemistry, or earth science major or minor. Prerequisites: Permission of the instructor.
	CHEM 1400 - Fundamental Chemistry I Three hours lecture. Three hours laboratory per week. Four credit hours. The first in a two-course sequence designed to introduce students in the health related professions (nursing, dental hygiene, physical therapy, respiratory therapy…) to nomenclature, stoichiometry, measurement, periodicity, molecular structure, states of matter, energy, nuclear chemistry and redox and acid/base equilibria. Completing the two-course sequence qualifies students to enroll in CHEM 2450 but no other chemistry classes. This class meets ACTS criteria. (ACTS Course Number CHEM 1214) Prerequisites: MATH 1302 with a grade of C or greater.
	CHEM 1401 - Fundamental Chemistry II Three hours lecture. Three hours laboratory per week. Four credit hours. The class continues to build upon the knowledge foundation in chemistry and introduces organic nomenclature, functional group reactions, properties of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids, and enzymes and principles of metabolism. Completing the course qualifies students to enroll in CHEM 2450 but no other chemistry classes. This class meets ACTS criteria. (ACTS Course Number CHEM 1224) Prerequisites: CHEM 1400 with a grade of C or greater.
	CHEM 1402 - General Chemistry I Three hours lecture. Three hours laboratory per week. Four credit hours. The class builds upon a knowledge foundation in chemistry and offers inquiry into topics of scientific measurement, chemical nomenclature, expressing qualitative and quantitative statements about chemical reactions, qualitative atomic theory, electronic and molecular structure models, chemical periodicity, thermochemistry, gases, kinetic molecular theory, and nuclear chemistry. It meets ACTS criteria. (ACTS Course Number CHEM 1414) Prerequisites: 1) Completion of a high school Chemistry course or its equivalent, and 2) Completion of MATH 1302 or higher level class with a minimum grade of C or a minimum ACT Math Score of 24, and 3) a minimum passing score on the Chemistry Placement Exam or a minimum ACT Science score of 24. Students who do not attain the minimum score may enroll in CHEM 1300 . Finishing CHEM 1300 does not substitute for meeting the minimum score on the placement examination.
	CHEM 1403 - General Chemistry II Three hours lecture. Three hours laboratory per week. Four credit hours. The class continues to build upon the knowledge foundation in chemistry and offers inquiry into topics of chemical equilibrium including acids and bases and sparingly soluble salts, thermodynamics, kinetics, electrochemistry, and coordination compounds. It meets ACTS criteria. (ACTS Course Number CHEM 1424) Prerequisites: CHEM 1402 with a grade of C or greater.
	CHEM 1406 - General Chemistry for Engineers Three hours lecture. Three hours laboratory per week. Four credit hours. This course is designed for Engineering Students. This one semester chemistry course will give engineering students key concepts and principles in chemistry needed for their basic background knowledge. This course is presented using engineering relevant examples and stresses applications in engineering and technology. Note: Course Requirements. Consent of Instructor is required. Students completing 1406 and changing majors to chemistry may substitute CHEM 1406 for CHEM 1402 . Students may not receive credit for both CHEM 1402 and CHEM 1403 by completing 1406. Prerequisites: This course has a prerequisite of 70 or higher score on a department placement test. Students who do not attain the minimum score may enroll in CHEM 1300 . Prerequisite/Concurrent: MATH 1342 - Applied Calculus I for Business, Engineering Technology, and the Life Sciences , or MATH 1342 - Applied Calculus I for Business, Engineering Technology, and the Life Sciences , or MATH 1451 - Calculus I are prerequisite concurrent.
	CHEM 1409 - Chemistry and Society Three hours lecture. Three hours laboratory per week. Four credit hours. The class develops a base of chemical knowledge for students to consider the impact chemistry has on the world while meeting the goals of the University’s core curriculum competencies in critical thinking, ethical and moral consciousness, historical consciousness, mathematics, and philosophy and methods of science. Material will address topics starting with the atomic and molecular foundations of chemistry to applying principles of scientific modeling to topics such as the environment, medicine and public policy. The class satisfies four hours of the University’s laboratory science curriculum requirement and meets ACTS criteria. (ACTS Course Number CHEM 1004)
	CHEM 2310 - Analytical Chemistry I Two hours lecture. Three hours laboratory per week. Three credit hours. The class investigates aqueous equilibrium systems including acid/base, complex species, solubility, and oxidation/reduction, statistical analysis of chemical data, classic titrimetric and gravimetric analysis, and laboratory report writing. Prerequisites: CHEM 1403 with a grade of C or greater.
	CHEM 2311 - Analytical Chemistry II Two hours lecture. Three hours laboratory per week. Three credit hours. The class studies modern instrumental analysis and separation of chemical systems, to include electrochemical, spectroscopic and chromatographic methods. Prerequisites: CHEM 2310 with a grade of C or greater.
	CHEM 2450 - Organic Survey Three hours lecture. Three hours laboratory per week. Four credit hours. The class is appropriate for students needing a one-semester overview of organic chemistry. Topics include nomenclature, classification, synthetic pathways, and spectroscopy. Prerequisites: CHEM 1401 or CHEM 1403 with a grade of C or greater.
	CHEM 3150 - Organic Chemistry Laboratory I Three hours laboratory per week. One credit hours. Organic compounds will be prepared and identified. Techniques include determining melting and boiling points, simple fractional and steam distillation, recrystallization, and extraction. Prerequisite or Corequisite: CHEM 3350 with a grade of C or greater.
	CHEM 3151 - Organic Chemistry Laboratory II Three hours laboratory per week. One credit hours. This class continues to build the knowledge base of organic chemistry laboratory skills by introducing more advanced synthetic methodologies and characterization techniques including IR, NMR, MS and GC. BS chemistry majors should not enroll in this laboratory but in CHEM 3250 . Prerequisite or Corequisite: CHEM 3351 and CHEM 3150 with grades of C or greater.
	CHEM 3170 - Physical Chemistry Laboratory I Three hours laboratory per week. One credit hours. An introduction to multivariate statistical methods and error analysis. Experiments include synthesis of compounds, measurement of physical and electrochemical properties, determination of heats of reaction and reaction rates, and superconductivity studies. Prerequisite or Corequisite: PHYS 2122 , CHEM 3370 with a grade of C or greater.
	CHEM 3171 - Physical Chemistry Laboratory II Three hours laboratory per week. One credit hours. Synthesis of inorganic compounds together with measurement of quantum mechanical spectroscopic properties, magnetic susceptibility, and properties of macromolecules. Prerequisites: CHEM 2311 , CHEM 3170 , CHEM 3370 with a grade of C or greater. Prerequisite or Corequisite: CHEM 3371 .
	CHEM 3250 - Qualitative Organic Analysis Laboratory Two three hours laboratory per week. Two credit hours. The class continues to build the knowledge base of organic chemistry laboratory techniques by requiring complex analytical problem solving ability along with advanced laboratory skills. Students receive unknown organic compounds and identify them by preparing and characterizing derivatives using IR, NMR, MS, and CG. BS chemistry majors should take this laboratory instead of CHEM 3151 . Prerequisites: CHEM 3350 and CHEM 3150 with grades of C or greater. Prerequisite or Corequisite: CHEM 3351 with a grade of C or greater.
	CHEM 3340 - Introduction to Inorganic Chemistry Three hours lecture. Three credit hours. A study of inorganic chemistry with emphasis on chemical bonding theories (both covalent and ionic molecules), periodic properties with isolation and synthesis associated with few main group elements, acid/base concepts, introduction to transition metals, coordination complexes (name, structures, isomers, chelate effects). Required for BA and BS majors. Prerequisites: CHEM 2450 or CHEM 3350 with a grade of C or greater.
	CHEM 3350 - General Organic Chemistry I Three hours lecture. Three credit hours. The first in a two-course sequence designed to introduce science students to organic compounds. Topics include nomenclature, alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, halides, alcohols, ethers, functional groups, stereochemistry, acid-base concepts, organometallics, multiple-step synthesis, and reaction mechanisms, Prerequisites: CHEM 1403 with a grade of C or greater.
	CHEM 3351 - General Organic Chemistry II Three hours lecture. Three credit hours. The class continues to build the knowledge base of organic chemistry by adding conjugated systems, aromatic compounds, carbonyl compounds, carboxylic acids and derivatives, amines, phenols, aryl halides, spectroscopy and data interpretation. Prerequisites: CHEM 3350 with a grade of C or greater.

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Four-letter Course Codes-Undergraduate

BIOL 3100 - Genetics Laboratory

BIOL 3103 - Principles of Ecology Lab

BIOL 3199 - Special Topics

BIOL 3299 - Special Topics

BIOL 3300 - Genetics

BIOL 3303 - Principles of Ecology

BIOL 3313 - Human Genetics

BIOL 3391 - Cooperative Education in Biology

BIOL 3399 - Special Topics

BIOL 3400 - Developmental Biology

BIOL 3402 - Mammalian Anatomy

BIOL 3404 - Comparative Vertebrate Morphology

BIOL 3405 - Invertebrate Zoology

BIOL 3408 - Vertebrate Histology

BIOL 3409 - Vertebrate Zoology

BIOL 3499 - Special Topics

BIOL 4100 - Independent Study

BIOL 4189 - Undergraduate Research

BIOL 4190 - Biology Seminar

BIOL 4199 - Special Topics in Biology

BIOL 4200 - Independent Study

BIOL 4289 - Undergraduate Research

BIOL 4300 - Independent Study

BIOL 4305 - Animal Behavior

BIOL 4309 - Wildlife Management Techniques

BIOL 4310 - Evolution

BIOL 4311 - Neurobiology

BIOL 4312 - Population and Community Ecology

BIOL 4314 - Soil Biology

BIOL 4315 - Toxicology

BIOL 4389 - Undergraduate Research

BIOL 4391 - Cooperative Education in Biology

BIOL 4401 - Cell Biology

BIOL 4403 - Comparative Physiology

BIOL 4404 - Mammalogy

BIOL 4408 - Advanced Field Biology

BIOL 4409 - Plant Taxonomy

BIOL 4411 - Ornithology

BIOL 4412 - Plant Ecology

BIOL 4413 - Immunology

BIOL 4415 - Biometry

BIOL 4417 - Molecular Biology

BIOL 4418 - Biotechnology

BIOL 4419 - Plant Physiology

BIOL 4420 - General Biochemistry

BIOL 4422 - Mammalian Physiology

BIOL 4426 - Plant and Human Nutrition

BIOL 4427 - Tissue Engineering

BIOL 4499 - Special Topics in Biology

BIOL 4600 - Internship

BIOL 5427 - Tissue Engineering

BIOL 5428 - Techniques in Molecular Biology

BIOL 3450 - Introduction to Marine Zoology

BIOL 3550 - Oceanography II: Marine Biology

BIOL 4151 - Special Problems in Marine Science

BIOL 4251 - Special Problems in Marine Science

BIOL 4351 - Special Problems in Marine Science

BIOL 4352 - Coastal Vegetation

BIOL 4450 - Marine Botany

BIOL 4451 - Comparative Histology of Marine Organisms

BIOL 4452 - Marine Fisheries Management

BIOL 4453 - Behavior and Neurobiology of Marine Animals

BIOL 4454 - Fauna and Faunistic Ecology of Tidal Marshes

BIOL 4455 - Early Life History of Marine Fishes

BIOL 4456 - Salt Marsh Plant Ecology

BIOL 4550 - Marine Microbiology

BIOL 4551 - Marine Ecology

BIOL 4650 - Marine Invertebrate Zoology

BIOL 4651 - Marine Vertebrate Zoology and Ichthyology

BIOL 4652 - Parasites of Marine Animals

BIOL 4653 - Aquaculture

BIOM 3210 - Laboratory Principles and Techniques

BIOM 3211 - Introduction to Research

BIOM 4106 - Technology Transfer

BIOM 4305 - Cell Culture Principles and Techniques

BIOM 4507 - Biotechnology Laboratory Internship

BSAD 1300 - Introduction to Business

BSAD 2010 - Intro to Career Catalyst